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PAKISTAN-INDIA TRADE RELATIONS [dateline 2013]                         India and Pakistan were major trading partners after independence. In 1948-49, 56% of Pakistan’s total exports were destined to India and 32% of Pakistan’s imports were from India. Till 1965 the normal trading relations continued. Between 1966 and 1974, no formal trade took place. Based on Simla Agreement of 1972 which contained provisions for resumption of trade and economic relations, trade resumed but was restricted to public sectors of both countries for few goods like cotton, engineering goods, jute, railway equipment, rice & tea. Later, trade by private sector was allowed and number of goods gradually increased (positive list of importable items from India was maintained by Pakistan). In 1995, both India and Pakistan became member of the WTO. In 1996 India accorded MFN status to Pakistan. However, Pakistan continued with the Positive List approach. In March 2012, Pakistan shifted from Positive (196

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT – PAKISTAN’S DILEMMA [with permission of author] I.       Introduction: Capital punishment ,  also called   death penalty , is defined as the execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense (Encyclopedia Britannica). Pre amble of the Constitution of Pakistan provides for international peace and happiness of the mankind. Constitution of Pakistan protects life, except in case of serious crimes. Article 4.2.(a) “no action detrimental to the life, liberty, body, reputation or property of any person shall be taken except in accordance with law;” In Pakistan, capital punishment is prescribed for   over 27 different crimes, which include various forms of intentional murder [1] , treason [2] , blasphemy [3] , kidnapping or abduction [4] , rape [5] , procuration [6] and importation [7] for prostitution, assault on modesty of woman and stripping of her cloths [8] , drug smuggling [9] , arms trading [10] , and sab

[dateline 2013] [work of 4 x officers] Increasing use of Information and Communication Technology in development of various sectors requires competitive Human Resource Development based on Information Technology Industry occupation matrix and productive government – industry – academia linkage, which is wanting in Pakistan INTRODUCTION Human resources development (HRD) has been defined as empowering people by fostering the contributory capacities that they can bring to the improvement of their own quality of life and that of their families, communities, enterprises and societies. [1] The ‘new growth theory’ links economic backwardness to low labor efficiency and training, deficient supplies of entrepreneurship and slow growth in knowledge. The countries that have surged ahead, on the other hand, are characterized by high level of human capital accumulation where the educated labour force has raised the level of output and the rate of growth over a sustained period of t